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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

As noted earlier, Asia is a region that is particularly vulnerable to increasedfrequency and effects of Natural Disasters. Of the world’s 19 officially-classifiedmegacities, the Asia-Pacific region has 11, including six of the 10 largest overall 10 .Arakida (2006) notes that“Asia is especially prone to natural disasters due to itsgeographical and meteorological conditions. Many of its people live in areas wheredisasters are prone to occur.”(2006, p. 292). Many countries in Asia are challengedby poverty, poor infrastructure and governance, and thus still lack the robust socialinfrastructure and capacities to mitigate the effects of damage from a major disaster.In the Asia Pacific region,“disaster is a daily occurrence…In Indonesia, governmentstatistics show that, over a 12-month period, the average has been as high as2.75 disasters a day, most of which passed largely unnoticed by the internationalcommunity.“(IFRC, 2007, p. 1) Japan can therefore play a key leadership role,through increased leadership in the UN, in building up regional capacities by sharinginformation, technology and lessons learned from its own disasters.The Asia-Pacific region as a whole ranks globally as the most vulnerable tonatural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, cyclones, typhoons and tsunamis. Lastyear, disasters in the region affected over 20 million people. 11Of the 373 recordeddisasters, 22 were in China, 16 in India, and 14 in the Philippines. Eighty-nine percentof all people affected by emergencies last year lived in Asia. Between 2000 and 2008,40% of registered disaster events worldwide occurred in Asia, affecting millions ofpeople annually in the region. Such events are complicated by the increased effects ofclimate change, pandemics and conflict (OCHA ROAP, 2011). In addition to the humancosts of such disasters, there is an economic cost to be paid as well. 1295010 Richard A. Matthew,“Climate Change and Environmental Impact,”in Ashley J. Tellis, Andrew Marble, and TravisTanner, eds., Asia’s Rising Power and America’s Continued Purpose (Seattle, WA: National Bureau of AsianResearch,2010),p.214.11 A natural hazard, such as an earthquake or flood, is generally considered a“disaster”when living things areaffected by its force. For example, a disaster is based on the degree to which a vulnerable country, region or partof a given society is exposed to the hazard, with vulnerability being determined by economic, environmental,physical and/or social determinants. In theory, an uninhabited flood plain or region hit by an earthquake would notbeconsidereda“disaster.”(UNDP,2011)12 Between the earthquakes of New Zealand and Japan and the massive flooding that affected Australia, Thailand andthe Philippines, economic losses for the first three quarters of 2011 were $259 billion, including less than $60 billionof that total having been insured for loss. http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94563