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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第28回最優秀賞Therefore, Human Security is the theoretical framework that can perhaps bebest used in analyzing how well/to what degree the UN can protect natural disastervictims from fear and from want in the disaster management process. In the faceof such non-traditional security threats like massive earthquakes 6and tsunamis, thevarious capabilities and experiences of the UN in disaster Response can come intoplay and result in lasting effects on human security.Looking at natural disasters through a Human Security framework is a helpfultool for analysis in this essay, as human beings can be just as vulnerable and needprotection from the effects of natural disasters as well as those of conflict. Likewise,governments charged with protecting their citizens from both fear and want mustensure their protection from the immediate (death, injury) and secondary (displacement,poverty, unemployment) effects of disasters. In his writing on March 11, YoichiFunabashi, former editor of the Asahi Shimbun, noted the need for greater nationalcapacity for risk management beyond disaster Preparedness. As he states“HumanSecurity policies, based on the strong authority of the central government, deservethe same priority as national security.”(Funabashi, 2011, p. 13)Interrelated global issues that threaten Human Security include climate change,environmental degradation, increased energy use, migration patterns, urbanization,and an overall increase in the frequency of disasters over the past few decades. The1994 UNDP Human Development Report reflects this diversity, as it states that“Theloss of Human Security can be a slow, silent process ? or an abrupt, loud emergency.It can be human made ? due to wrong policy choices. It can stem from the forces ofnature. Or it can be a combination of both-as is often the case when environmentaldegradation leads to a natural disaster, followed by human tragedy.”(p. 23)AstheOutlineoftheReportoftheCommissiononHumanSecuritybythe6 Earthquakes are the greatest cause of injury to humans among the different types of natural disasters worldwide,with over 740,000 people injured across the globe from earthquakes between 1967-1991, according to theInternational Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, World Disaster Report (1993, p. 104.)939