ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

dangerous and that could undermine NGOs' mandates and distinct purpose. Moreover,whereas historically NGOs have emphasized diversity and independence, recently, inInternational forums, NGOs are being pressured to develop consensus on issues andto speak with one or a few voices. Increasing numbers of us are describing NGOs as“civil society”or civil society organizations. But, there is no clear definition of civilsociety, whether it includes the private sector, religious or other private or innerfocusedsectors and organizations.Moreover, NGOs are much more effective in projecting a favorable image to thepublic because their goals and motives are seen as less self-serving than traditionaltrade unions, the activist power base of the past. Unlike unions, pressure groups aremuch less susceptible to charges that they are attempting to blackmail managementout of pure self-interest. NGOs themselves are not seen as the beneficiaries of theirefforts, but instead are seen as working for the good of the environment, or forworkers without a voice. And although there may be a legitimate argument that theseNGOs depend for their existence upon being able to continually create media-worthycontroversy, they are nonetheless broadly supported in their missions by the public.NGOs have become particularly effective at targeting high-profile companies withextensive media campaigns, hoping that improvements forced on industry leaderswill then trickle down to other firms, allowing their influence to extend to small,privately owned companies with a low public profile. In Europe, Oxfam, Greenpeace,the World Wildlife Fund, and Amnesty International have all focused on mobilizingpublic outrage through media campaigns that focus almost exclusively on well-known,market leading brands that are quickly picked up through the Internet, television, orthe newspapers in the United States. 1489814 ?Peter Schwartz and Blair Gibb, The Growing Power and Influence of NGOs: Business, Governments, and NongovernmentalOrganizations When Good Companies Do Bad Things: Responsibility and Risk in an Age ofGlobalization (Chapter 7), John Wiley and Sons, 1999