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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

necessary preconditions for a state’s future survival and development. When the stateis not recognized as the primary, legitimate source of power projection and policymaking, structural constraints such as ethnic violence, disease and poverty will starteroding it from below.Therefore, efforts of the United Nations to address the challenge of poverty inAfrica should be directed toward strengthening the authority and legitimacy ofAfrican states. In order to foster the creation of secure and stable internal stateenvironments, the UN will need to either consider deploying a peace-keeping force orstrengthen internal forces fighting for change. The UN can contribute to enhancingthe legitimacy of African states by imposing sanctions targeted at the economic andpolitical security of governing elites, so that the latter will lose their stake in thecurrent situation. If all Member States seriously commit themselves to implementingsuch measures, the UN will be able to exert a significant amount of pressure on thoseelites misusing their power.Creating a strong and efficient state is not an easy process. In Europe, it took manycenturies before the state in its modern form emerged. Change should thus not be expectedto happen overnight, especially not in Africa, where socio-economic conditionsgreatly complicate the situation. Yet the first step towards development and povertyreduction will need to be taken at the state-level. In this respect, re-empowering thestate through increasing its authority and legitimacy is imperative. While patience andflexibility will be required, this process will ultimately empower individual Africans tosecure their own livelihoods and lift their countries out of poverty.664