ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

This integrative nature of traditional Tswana political institutions, according toRobinson and Parsons, reduced the likelihood that other groups would aggressivelychallenge the power of the newly founded state at independence 97 . Furthermore, theinstitutions derived from the pre-colonial kgotla created effective constraints on elitepower by holding them, to a certain degree, politically accountable 98 . As opposed toother newly independent African countries, the ruling elite in Botswana played an importantrole in the creation of the new state structure 99 .Another critical factor behind Botswana’s successful development, according toRobinson and Parsons, was the vested interest of Tswana elites to develop rationalstate institutions and private property rights. The political elites that came to controlthe state after independence, were mainly large cattle owners closely involvedin the country’s main economic activity: ranching. This provided them with a strongincentive to promote modern state institutions and invest in public goods such asinfrastructure 100 . Furthermore, as Tangri (2006:42-43) points out, the continuity of Botswana’spre-colonial institutions, its hereditary system and the broad elite coalitionthat was formed within the ruling BDP party, ensured that those in power felt safe.Consequently, it was in their interest to develop effective means of administration inorder to maximize long-term profits 101 .The case of Botswana demonstrates the vital importance of government elites thathave a stake in developing their country. When it is in the state officials’interestto invest in the further development of economic activity on their territory, stateresources are less likely to disappear in their own pockets. In Botswana, the existenceof some sort of system of political accountability further discouraged elites from66297 Robinson, J.A. and Parsons, Q.N.“State Formation and Governance in Botswana”. Journal of African Economies,Vol.15,2006,p.135.98 Acemoglu et al.“An African Success Story: Botswana”. MIT Department of Economics, Working Paper No. 01-37,2001,p.10.99 Robinson, J.A. and Parsons, Q.N.“State Formation and Governance in Botswana”. Journal of African Economies,Vol.15, 2006, p.136.100Ibid.,p.135.101 Tangri, K.‘”Good Governance”in Botswana: What shaped the design of Botswana’s institutions and how did theyaffect the country’s economic growth since independence?’. Universitat Konstanz, 2006.