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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第25回最優秀賞are largely content with its practices, which means the majority of the populationis not suffering from severe poverty. If poverty were rampant, the state would besubject to all sorts of structural constraints such as ethnic violence, underdevelopmentand disease, rendering it weak and ineffective. When poverty is reduced, legitimacywill increase. When legitimacy increases, state capability will enhance and furtherdevelopment will be made possible. The first step on the development track,however, will need to be taken by the state. No other entity will be able to implementthe multidimensional strategy needed to produce effective growth and overalldevelopment.Yet the privileged few currently residing at the top levels of many Africangovernments are comfortable where they are. As mentioned before, state revenuesare often used for personal benefit and to maintain the regime of the chief executiveand his inner circle. The state administration’s main goal is to preserve the systemof patronage so as to secure political order 87 . As Collier points out, due to the largeresource rents accrued by the government elite, the latter has an intrinsic conflict ofinterest with the wider society: it is tempted to capture the rents for itself instead ofinvesting it in the public good 88 .The crucial issue here is thus how to induce elites to effectively devote stateresources to advancing the social interest of their populations. The regime’s stakein the current state of affairs is usually of such a magnitude that the benefits fromchange would be much less, thus precluding any interest in serious public investments.Hence, it is imperative that elites are given a stake in devoting themselves to thegood of their populations. As Hyden argues, historical experience from around theworld tells us that the necessary political capability to bring about change relies onthepresenceofagroupofactorswithastakeinthesystem89.87 Bratton, M. and van de Walle, N. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in ComparativePerspective.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1997,p.62.88 Collier, P.“Assisting Africa to Achieve Decisive Change”. Centre for the Study of African Economies, OxfordUniversity,2006,p.13.89 Hyden, G.“Institutions, Power and Policy Outcomes in Africa”. The Africa Power and Politics Programme [APPP],Discussion Paper No.2, 2008, p.3.659