ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

did not and still do not face any incentive to modernize the remnants of their colonialgovernments.The consequences of this have proved catastrophic. Countries are lacking even themost basic provisions such as minimum standards of health care, basic education andadequate infrastructure. This governmental mismanagement has resulted in structuralinternal conflict, underdevelopment, infectious disease epidemics and chronic poverty.Instead of lending a“helping hand”to its citizenries, governments employed whatSchleifer and Vishny call a“grabbing hand”by extracting economic rents from theirpopulations 57 .When states fail to advance the public social interest, however, the effects will notonly be felt by its population; structural constraints such as ethnic violence, inequalityand persistent poverty will also start undermining political stability and erode thestate from below 58 . As a consequence, it loses its ability to successfully implementpolicies (i.e. loses authority) and its already volatile degree of legitimacy is reduced tonothing. The state, in effect, has failed to legitimate its existence.Figure 2. Source: unknownCase in Point: SudanSudan is an example of such a state. With its 2.5million square km, Sudan is the largest countryin Africa (see Figure 2). While the countrypossesses rich natural endowments, including oilreserves, and while at present it is economicallybooming owing to increases in oil production,high oil prices and large inflows of foreign directinvestment, it lacks basic infrastructure; access65257 Schleifer, A. and Vishny, R.W. The Grabbing Hand: Government Pathologies and Their Cures. Cambridge: HarvardUniversityPress,2002.58 Keller, E.J.“Structure, Agency and Political Liberalization in Africa”. Journal of African Political Science, Vol. 1, No.2, 1996, p.209.