ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

第25回最優秀賞groups and individuals in society 52 . This caused the state to inherently suffer from agreat deficit of legitimacy. Since the availability of political and economic resourcesto enhance the state’s legitimacy was limited, its new leaders tried to secure theirpolitical future by focusing on the consolidation of their power, authority andhegemony.Out of this the neo-patrimonialist state evolved in which one individual dominatesthe state apparatus and stands above its laws. A network of relationships of loyaltyand dependence permeates the formal state mechanism, forging so-called patron-clientrelations. State resources are used to prop up the regime and maintain the system ofpatronage. In these situations, corruption is rampant and public services are unreliableand inefficient 53 . As von Soest remarks, in such a situation‘the separation between thepublic and the private realm, which stands at the basis of the modern conception ofthe state, is abrogated’54 .Failing StatesThus, just as in early Europe, in most African countries politics and economics havecome under the strict control of the state 55 . The ruling elite, holding unconditionalpower, is shielded from public accountability and, like its predecessors, neither findsit in its interest to develop rational state institutions. The availability of internationalaid and natural resources such as oil and precious metals, which generate large rentsfor those in power, renders redundant any effort toward the rationalization of thestate 56 . Whereas European kings, by the nature of their competitive environments, hadagreatstakeinfosteringthecreationofrational-legalstates,manyAfricanleaders52 Englebert, P.“The Contemporary African State: Neither African Nor State”. Third World Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 4,1997,p.767.53 Bratton, M. and van de Walle, N. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in ComparativePerspective.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1997,p.62.54 von Soest, C.“How does Neopatrimonialism Affect the African State? The Case of Tax Collection in Zambia”.GermanInstituteofGlobalandAreaStudies[GIGA],WorkingPaperNo.32,2006,p.7.55 Keller, E.J.“Structure, Agency and Political Liberalization in Africa”. Journal of African Political Science, Vol. 1, No.2,1996,p.208.56 Robinson, JA. and Parsons, Q.N.“State Formation and Govemance in Botswana”. Joumal of African Economies,Vol.15, p.103.651