ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

第25回最優秀賞combating poverty. The next section will analyze why states in Africa differ to sucha great extent from those in other parts of the world. The last part will focus on therole of the United Nations in strengthening African states and thereby empoweringits populations to lift their countries out of poverty.2. WHY THE STATE MATTERS§2.1 Social StabilityFrom Chaos to OrderAs North and Thomas note, since nomadic lifestyles gave way to agricultural settlements,there were two ways for man to acquire goods and services. He could producethem himself, or steal them from someone else. As agricultural settlements were oftenraided by bandits, producers of goods responded by investing in military defense.However, since military build-up affected the security of all villagers, those who choseto not contribute were able to free-ride on the investments of others. The most effectivesolution proved to be the formation of governmental authorities to whom suchcollective action problems could be delegated 8 . In the absence of such an overarchingauthority, chaos and anarchy would prevail 9 .During the 17 th and 18 th century, the state came to be, as Weber states, an organizationthat successfully claimed the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical forcewithin a given territory 10 . As such, it acquired the ability to advance the welfare of itscitizensandmanagesocietyinlinewithitsmandatedpower11.8 North, D.C. and Thomas, R.P. The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversityPress,1976,pp.6-7.9 Hobbes, T. Leviathan Or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiaticall and Civil. New York:SimonandSchusterInc,1962,p.108.10 Weber, M.‘”Politics as a Vocation”. In From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, edited by Gerth, H.H. and Mills, C.W.,p.78.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1958.11 Mengisteab, K.“New Approaches to State-Building in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia’s Ethnic-Based Federalism”.African Studies Review Vol. 40, No. 3, 1997, p.112.643