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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

national citizen. Decisions influencing population are not made by governments butby individual couples, and the most efficient programs are known to be those thatdirectly reach and motivate couples (Salas 25). The struggle of the nation with one ofthe greatest population in the world is yet to bear fruit.In dealing with population decline, on the other hand, issues related to socialconstruction rather than fertility rate will play a crucial role, and administrativesystems will have to go under a major reformation. In the case of Japan, nationalpension system will be one of the issues with highest priority. Emigrants and guestlaborers is a means of gaining working hands, but although the topic has been anactively debated one at the present, the idea is far from accepted by the generalpublic. The government will be required to establish administrative environmentwhere guest laborers will be able to enter Japan easily and work under fair conditionsas unjust treatments of foreign workers have already begun to be reported. Quite afew nations have already endeavored upon this problem, and those including greencard system in Germany, visa system in Switzerland, newly employed guest laborersystem in Korea may provide some clues for prospective policies to Japan. Greaterworking opportunities for women and the aged will be another necessity in dealingwith failing birth rate, with greater variation in employment pattern such as in-homelabor and prolonged compulsory retirement age. In order to accomplish this task,an environment where women are actually able to work needs to be provided, suchas sufficient nursery facilities, supportive operational system including maternal/paternal leave, financial support during the leave, informational support on comingback to office and contraction of working hours for parents with infants. In someareas in Japan including Miyazaki prefecture, an endeavor to join elder care facilitiesand nurseries has been launched, based on the idea of reducing the operational524