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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第23回優秀賞and depopulation of rural areas could persist. In relation to smaller market forcertain industries, as is already evident in the case of university enrollment, lesscompetition for education and employment may become a reality. To take Japanfor an example, especially in terms of secondary education, the system of harshenrollment competition has long been questioned. This era could be presenting anopportunity to reconsider the efficiency of memorization oriented education in Japan.Other suggested merits include greater investment per child, less time requiredfor nurturing on the whole, enhancement of parent-child relationship, changes ingender and generation role as a result of higher female and senior employment, andless environmental damage (Akagawa 2005:121). Nevertheless, one must note herethat without the stabilization of population growth in third world nations, what littleenvironment saved from destruction in first world nations will amount to nothing.Accordingly, demerits of population decline tend to be macro-level as opposedto merits which tend to be micro-level. People who are for development claim thatdevelopment should be considered a priority, and as development proceeds populationgrowth rate will voluntarily decrease, just as first world nations have demonstratedin their economic development procedure. However, it must be noted that thereexists a difference between the path first world nations have taken and the paththird world nations will take, in that today development of many nations are beinginhibited by population growth. In the past, decline in mortality rate was brought onby improvement of economic and social systems; whereas population growth noted inthird world nations today is caused by advanced technology imported from first worldnations. In other words, the result is not so much social as technological, or in otherwords internal as external, and has come to burden economic development (Okazaki1977:281). Thus the opinion that population decrease in first world nations will521