ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

第23回優秀賞established such facilities, some have reported as not satisfactorily accessible in termsof available time and place for the poorest segment of the population (the State of theWorld Population 2004:19). The fourth social variable affecting population growth isapprehension for financial support after reaching advanced age on the parents’part.Couples tend to have a great number of offspring in order to secure future incomeearner. The fifth factor is high mortality rate in third world nations. Low survivalexpectancy may compel people to give birth to a greater number of children, oftenfor reasons discussed above. Here is an important demographic paradox in thatthe greater the mortality rate the greater the birth rate, and high mortality rate issustained as a result (Salas 1985:24). The improvement of health services will ensuregreater survival of infants, and as a result lower the birth rate.Thus on the micro level, the global population issue can be defined as theimprovement of reproductive health and rights, while on the macro level it is animmensely broad field including developmental and political problem dealing withfurther burden on the environment, development and human rights. Numerous factorsnotwithstanding, in the end the key to population stabilization is preferred familyscale, or in other words the number of children. Demographic stabilization will onlybecome a reality when the average family scale in third world nations lowers andcomes close to the standard in first world nations: two children or less per a female(Salas 1985:18).On the contrary, in many of the first world nations, the very opposite has becomean issue. When total fertility rate, or the average number of children that would beborn to a woman over her lifetime, stays lower than the replacement-level fertilityfor a prolonged period time the society is going under population decline. Accordingto demographic transition theory, the improvement of mortality rate brought by517