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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

“To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of aneconomic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting andencouraging respect of human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all withoutdistinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.”(Charter of the United Nations,Article 1, #3)Perhaps even in Japanese - if‘minzoku’has lost its original meaning and taken onthe Western one -‘nation’is rather an abstract and imprecise concept. Furthermore,‘nations’entitled to be members of the United Nations are, primarily, sovereign states,some of them, like China and India, encompassing many‘nations’as defined above.What is, then,‘nation’? How possibly the United Nations - an international organization- could intervene in such an innermost national problem as the rise and the decline ofa nation?These are the first observations that motivated me to write the present essay,whose theme is“The United Nations’Functions for the Rise and Decline of theNations.”‘Minzoku no Koubou’[Rise and Decline of the‘Nations’] would never have,alone, brought me the questionings that follow. Only by confronting the concepts of‘minzoku’with‘nation’[‘nacao’in Portuguese,‘nation’in French] it was possible for meto open the mind to the complexity of the theme.2.The Concept of NationThe word‘nation’[from Latin, born] or, more precisely,‘nation-state’took on themodern political meaning since the second half of the eighteenth century as theimmediate result of the American Revolution in 1776 and the French Revolution294