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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第19回最優秀賞I. Inter-cultural dialogue and post-Cold War UN conflict resolutionresponsesMaintaining and restoring international peace and security has been, and remains,a major responsibility of the UN since its inception. 15 It is important to emphasize thatinter-cultural dialogue must be understood as a part of the process of making this UNfunction more efficient. But often, the means of (inter-cultural) dialogue are consideredto contradict the idea of a“tough response”to international and internal actors whothreaten international peace. That is one of the reasons why (inter-cultural) dialogue,despite its uncontested importance, is at best attributed secondary roles in the conflictresolution process and is not actively practiced by the international community.Instead, powerful members of the Security Council tend to favor the more costlymeans of military enforcement and intervention. Currently, management of any typeof conflict is conducted either by way of military force or of negotiations backed bythe threat of force. The main actor in such“conflict management”is either a thirdparty or an international coalition of those willing to intervene. Any of a strategyinvolving prolonged negotiations is immediately branded as a weakness, while sharpstatements and (often military) measures are normally viewed as indications ofdecisiveness and courage.In recent years, the measures referred above have often taken the shape of“humanitarian”interventions, which in exceptional cases do indeed save lives. Humandesperation, gross human rights violations and the menace of terrorism have all beencited as justifications of action which may or may not claim to be humanitarian incharacter. 16Yet, as some argue, humanitarian intervention, which leaves unaffectedthedeeperfactorswhichcontributetotheneedforinterventioninthefirstplace,is15 For consideration of the concept of peace and security, see Jean-Marc Coicaud,“International Democratic Cultureand Its Sources of Legitimacy: The Case of Collective Security and Peacekeeping Operations in the 1990s”, in Jean-Marc Coicaud and Veijo Heiskanen eds., The legitimacy of international organizations, Tokyo: United NationsUniversity Press, 2001, p.7. Also, see Muthia Alagappa, Regional institutions, the United Nations, and internationalsecurity,pp.269-295,especiallyp.272.16 William Maley,“Twelve Theses on the Impact of Humanitarian Intervention”, Security Dialogue, 33 (3). 2002, pp.265-278.189