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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

of Jerusalem. But the Jews ridiculed Muhammad and called him a false prophet.From them on he hated them with a passion and changed the direction of prayertoward Mecca. 16According to the history of the Middle East, both Muslims and Jews coexisted.What relationship did they have? What were the conditions that made it impossiblefor both Muslims and Jews to live peacefully together? The Muslim attitude towardthe Jews is focused on in many Israeli textbooks. For example, an ultra-Orthodoxtextbook explains that“when the Muslims grew stronger, Muhammad attacked theJews.”17Moreover some textbooks quote paragraphs from the Qu?ran that show astrongly aggressive attitude towards non-Muslims, such as“Fight those who do notbelieve in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Apostlehave prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been, given theBook, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state ofsubjection”(Qu?ran 9:29). 18(2)Jerusalem questionFrom the viewpoint of Judaism, Jerusalem was the focus of Jewish yearningduring the millennia of exile. Jewish children learn about the religious teachings fromthe Jewish Holy Books. At the same time, the Jewish school curricula are based onthe ideas of Zionism and Jewish history. Therefore, children take the particular Jewishexperience for granted and do not doubt the feeling of belonging to the holy sites.Basically, both secular and religious school textbooks clearly state that Jerusalemis the capital of Israel and a strong national symbol. In the public school textbooks,Jerusalem appears in two examples which show the Jewish perspective regarding ofJerusalem at different times after the establishment of Israel.As the Middle East situation moved towards the peace process, the perception of14816 History of Israel, 1993, p.10, p.68.17 Ibid., p.10, p.68.18 http://etext.virginia.cdu/(1/8/2002).