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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第29回奨励賞Breaking the cycle of poverty is not easy. Economic empowerment cannot beachieved simply by distributing aids; people need stable employment with decentwages for achieving self-sufficiency. However, in an underdeveloped economy theavailability of stable employment is low. Incentives for foreign companies to set upfactories are very often limited to cheap labour force, as workers are less competitivefrom other perspectives due to the lack of public education and healthcare. Obviously,a country is unable to provide such welfare benefits without substantial funding. Dueto the scarcity of highly-skilled labour and the lack of technological development,industry remains reliant on the primary sector which is less profitable than thesecondary or tertiary sectors. Consequently, it does not generate enough revenue tofinance a comprehensive welfare state. Among such conditions political stability isalso fragile, as poverty and the lack of education make people more prone to agitation.This is where the welfare dimension of human security connects to the militarydimension: breaking the cycle of poverty is an important component of conflictprevention.(ii) The Millennium Development ProgrammeIn 2000 the General Assembly adopted the United Nations MillenniumDeclaration, which sets the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The Declarationdefines eight areas where improvements should be achieved by 2015, such as povertyreduction or environmental protection. Despite of the determination, the realisation ofthe MDGs did not seem to proceed well by 2010. In order to increase the efficiencyof development programmes, the 2010 UNDP summit decided on the implementationof the so called MDG Acceleration Framework (MAF). The MAF aims to identifythe‘bottleneck’of country-specific problems and target them more effectively. In1075