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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第29回奨励賞agreements which promote disarmament or control warfare. The Non-ProliferationTreaty, for example, has been signed by all but three states (Israel, India, Pakistan)with only one, North Korea withdrawing in 2003 and consequently has played a majorrole in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. The UN has also championedseveral treaties on the control of weapons of mass destruction, on trade in arms andon transparency in armament, to mention just a few. From this aspect the UN fulfilsan important role in guarding global security.On the local level UN envoys can facilitate discussion between parties withconflicting interests. The United Nations Department of Political Affairs (UNDPA)conducts on-ground monitoring, assesses potentially evolving conflicts and reports tothe Secretary General. The SG might engage in conflict resolution himself or dispatchUN envoys to conduct on-site mediation. Efficiency of a UN mission can be increasedthrough the involvement of third party actors, such as NGOs, who might have a moreprofound knowledge of the local conditions. Third parties may also play an importantrole in early warning. In Rwanda, for example, NGOs had warned ahead about theemerging genocide. In short, there are different means available for on-site mediationbefore an armed conflict actually erupts. The UN has used these means well in somecases (e.g. preventing military coup in Guinea in 2009-2010) but less so in others (e.g.the Rwandan genocide).Rebuilding closely connects to the wider aspect of human security, the freedomfrom want. The short-term goal of peacekeeping operations (PKOs) is preventingthe re-escalation of a conflict. The longer term goal of these missions is to supportstate building. Building a stable, preferably democratic state based on the rule oflaw is the first step to create an environment fertile for development. This also links1073