ブックタイトル佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

概要

佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

第16回佳作arrangement had arisen. At the end of Napoleonic wars there emerged the Concertof Europe. At the end of the First World War, the League of Nations was formedfollowed -- after the Second World War -- by the establishment of the UN. Each ofthese organizations were better than the preceding one, though each also had someserious flaws of its own. So now -- after the end of the Cold War -- it appears the timeis ripe for revitalizing the United Nations. By revitalizing the UN we do not merelymean institutional innovation, however. Among other things, we also mean resolvingthe contradictory relationship that exists between the freedom of action of the UNand that of the member states.Attention should also be paid to the paradox of collective security system thatstates must release some sovereignty over their military policy in order to enterinto collective security arrangements; but the concept depends upon, and defends,national sovereignty. A quest for a genuine and effective collective security regimemust therefore be preceded by resolving this apparent contradiction. One obviousoption would be to redefine threats to peace and security in a new way and to giveto sovereignty of individuals or peoples the overriding place when it comes intoconflict with the sovereignty of states. Such a position is not only a wise response toexpediency but there are anthropological and philosophical justifications as well. 22And yet our suggestion for a revitalized UN rests not only on historical analogy.It is likely that an autonomous and more effective UN would cut the overall costs ofglobal security, which currently rest upon high level of military readiness at the statelevel in peace time as well as war time. In other words, if a large number of statescooperate in security, the transaction cost in this area would be significantly reduced.At the beginning of the decade, twenty-five per cent of the world’s research scientistsworked only on military R&D and about fifty per cent of the world’s research22 This theme is discussed in F. Barnaby,“The United Nations Security Council and the New World Order,”in F.Barnaby（Ed.）Building A More Democratic UN（London: Frank, 1991）.861