ブックタイトル佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

概要

佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

第16回佳作the affirmative.And yet it is possible, and for analytic reasons desirable, to refer both to theprinciple and the common meaning of citizenship as more or less developed. Thecondition of citizenship could thus be judged by the degree to which it is fulfilled or itsconstituent elements are present. But it is incorrect to regard the notion as somethingtotally irrelevant or absent in the minds of the peripheral people. In a nutshell, it couldbe said that citizenship implies full status in a political community, and it is developedto the extent that all sections of the population subject to common authority havecertain political rights in common, including the right to participate in political life. Ifthere emerges in the minds of a significant number of people a discrepancy betweenwhat ought to be and what actually is the case in this regard one can talk of the firststage of the germination of the seed of the crisis of citizenship.The other key concept in which our understanding of ethnic conflict anchors itselfis legitimacy. In the Weberian tradition of analysis, power relations are legitimatewhere those involved in them, subordinate as well as dominant, believe them to be so. 8More specifically, there are two related ways in which the legitimacy of a governmentcan be better understood. One way is by considering how the government cameinto being or the mechanism through which the political leaders assumed power. Inthis sense, governments that assume power through constitutional/legal means arelegitimate and those that do so otherwise are illegitimate.Legitimacy could also be judged on the basis of the“policy outputs”of those whogovern. In this case, the regime or the leaders provide the stimuli, first in the formof policies improving citizens’welfare and, second, in the form of symbolic materialswhich function as secondary reinforcements, and the followers respond by assumingeither favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the stimulators. 9 Furthermore, if the8 Cited in D. Beetham, The Legitimation of Power（NJ: Humanities press International, 1991）, P. 6; for a similardefinition, see A. C. Janos,“Authority and Violence: The Political Framework of Internal War,”in H. Eckstein（ed.）Internal War: Problems and Approaches（New York: The Free Press, 1964）, p. 151.9 J. H. Scharr,“Legitimacy in the Modern State,”in W. Connolly（ed.）Legitimacy and the State（Oxford: BasilBlackwell, 1984）, p. 109.855