ブックタイトル佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

概要

佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

第16回佳作hoc consideration of these phenomena that has in recent years generated the fearthat a wave of state disintegration would assume a global dimension 4 -- a phenomenawhich to many analysts, are explicable in terms of the reawakening/rekindling ofethnic and national sentiments that had hitherto been smothered by Cold War politics.It would be a mistake to blame the founders of the UN for not being prescient inforeseeing the possibility of a tide of state collapse and preparing the machinery todeal with it. There had not been at any rate sufficient reason to suspect this wouldbe the case. As a matter of fact, even in the mid-eighties -- that is, 40 years after theUN was formed -- only the maverick would have thought otherwise. While it couldbe argued that the UN was in several cases（and for several reasons）unable toeffectively deal with the threat to‘international peace and security’that emanatedfrom communal conflicts within states, lessons could still be learned from a criticalassessment of its past performance.A useful approach for this purpose would therefore be to divide this paper intosections. We shall start by addressing the fundamental question as to why communalmovements challenge the institution of state in the first place and why and how theyget transformed into violent conflicts. We think addressing these rather formidablequestions is indispensable for a meaningful and systematic discussion of the questionas to how the UN could most effectively intervene in future conflicts. The latterquestion will be the subject of the subsequent section.It should be crystal clear from the outset that understanding the defining featureof communal conflicts is needed not so much because we believe that the UN shouldspecifically play this or that role in this or that specific case, even though our graspof the phenomena does have prescriptive implications. Our modest purpose inattempting to throw some light on the essence of ethnic conflict is necessitated by4 See, for instance, H. Gerald and S. R. Rather,“Saving Failed States,”Foreign Policy,（Winter）1992. R. H. Shultz,“StateDisintegration and Ethnic Conflict: A Framework for Analysis,”The Annals of the American Academy of Politicaland Social Sciences,（No. 541）, 1995.853