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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

“UN’s Potential Role in Resolving Ethnic Conflicts”IntroductionIt must be admitted at once that the founding fathers of the United Nations didnot envisage that so many multi-ethnic states would implode in the manner that haspersisted in the last dozen or so years of the 20 th Century. And yet they had certainlyanticipated, and in fact laid the formula for, the‘splinterization’of colonial empiresthat was to follow after the establishment of the world body. 1 The major result of thisprocess -- generally known as decolonization -- was the birth of a multitude of newstates. In a deceptively similar way, a large number of political entities also joinedthe ranks of statehood in the wake of the end of the Cold War 2in a process whichby and large was preceded by, or at least was accompanied with, political turmoiland bloodshed that by far seems to exceed what had been witnessed during thedecolonization period. What is more, unlike in the case of the decolonization process,the post-Cold War phenomena of the birth of new states and the disintegration of oldones was not headed up by a predesigned political formula. To put it in another way,no one was forewarned about or forearmed for a portent of what was to befall on anumber of states.852Seifudein AdemAll but five of the twenty-three wars being fought in 1994 were based on communalrivalries and ethnic challenges to states. About three-quarters of the world’s refugees,estimated at nearly 27 million people, were at the same period in flight from or havebeen displaced by these and other ethnic conflicts. 3 It might well have been the post1 For a thorough discussion of this subject see, A. Yoder, The Evolution of the United Nations System. Second Edition.(Washington: Taylor & Francis, 1993), pp. 26-38; also see, W. Gondell, The United Nations at a Crossroads of Reform(New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1994), pp. 139-144.2 The 1990’s saw the admission of 29 new states to the United Nations. See, United Nations Handbook 1998(Wellington: G. P. Print Ltd., 1998), pp. 11-17.3 J. Friedman,“Transformation, Socio-political Disorder, and Ethnification as Expressions of Declining GlobalHegemony,”International Political Science Review, Vol. 19(No. 3), 1998, p. 24.