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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

第15回優秀賞that the Bank has been capitalizing on the proliferation of NGO-pioneered creditorganizations that increasingly operate like any private-sector bank, that is, lending athigh interest rates in order not to rely on subsidies. Thus, it provided the Bank withan additional opportunity to officially reconfirm its market-based structural reforms,including the deregulation of the financial system.Finally, Scully noted that“credit is like seed: without other crucial resources and anenabling environment, growth and change are not likely. Unfortunately, World Bankpromotedstructural adjustment programs continue to shrink the resources availableto women in the global South and to restructure their economies in the service ofbanks, transnational corporations, and wealthy elites.”25This and other similar criticisms of the World Bank as well as of microcredit perse from a“maximalist”perspective seem valid to the extent that the Bank has inthe past placed a low priority on the empowerment of women in the South. It alsoseems valid to the extent that microcredit programs have not directly tackled socalledstructural issues such as agrarian reform and patriarchal systems. As thecritics rightly pointed out, microcredit cannot be and is not a panacea for all problemsof poverty and underdevelopment. 26That said, we have to start from somewhere.It should thus be recalled that the empowerment of Bangladesh’s landless peasantwomen through microcredit has made a significant positive impact on socio-economicdevelopment of the villages concerned. And such programs are spreading not justin the South but also in the North, including the US, the hub of globalizing forces.It is our basic position that the negative consequences of globalization must becounterbalanced by capitalizing on some of the globalizing forces themselves, in thiscase, coordinated globalization of the poor’s access to microcredit.Still again, Scully and other NGO activists are correct in noting that the budget25 Nan Dawkins Scully,“Women See Gaps, Can’t Give Bank Credit for New Loan Program,”Bankcheck Quarterly, (June1997).26 For a critical view of micro-credit itself, see, for example, Jude L. Fernando,“Nongovernmental Organizations,Micro-Credit, and Empowerment of Women,”The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences,(November 1, 1997), vol. 554, pp. 150-177; The Future for Microfinance: Banking the Unbankable (London, Panos Institute,1997).687