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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

But it was not until the mid-1990s that the United Nations became serious aboutmicro-credit programs in Bangladesh and elsewhere. In September 1996 the WorldBank, itself a major specialized UN agency, announced the launching of a US$ 105million credit for a Poverty Alleviation Microfinance Project, which aimed to helpmore than 100 NGOs in Bangladesh to increase micro-lending to an estimated 1.2million poor and mostly female borrowers. 22This new interest of the World Bank in microlending found another expression inanother region of the global South. In June 1996 the“Profund”was established by theIFC (International Finance Corporation) -- the World Bank’s private-sector arm -- toinvest US$ 35 million in microlenders in Latin American and the Caribbean. This waspart of the IFC’s effort to broaden the types of projects it was willing to finance. 23Behind this policy shift was the establishment in 1995 of the CGAP (ConsultativeGroup to Assist the Poorest) within the World Bank. CGAP, a granting agency formicrocredit, was composed of 23 governments and multilateral organizations, and wasdesigned to fund microcredit programs, improve donor coordination, and promotespecific“best practices”for microcredit practitioners.The Bank announced a US$ 30 million budget for CGAP’s three-year“core fund.”24This policy shift on the part of the World Bank has not been without criticism.According to Nan Dawkins Scully, a women’s advocacy activist, the Bank’sinterest in microcredit programs had ulterior motives. That is, it was the result of itsleadership’s realization that lack of access to credit was a serious barrier to growthin the informal sector of the economy across the South. Since the informal sector wasrun overwhelmingly by poor women, providing microcredit for them would help theBank to respond to the criticisms from women’s advocacy organizations to the effectthat the Bank has done little for women’s well-being. Furthermore, Scully claims68622 The World Bank Group, Press Release, News Release No. 97/1125.23 The Economist, (July 27, 1996 & February 1, 1997).24 CGAP applicants must cover their own operating costs, demonstrate signs of being profitable, have more than 3,000low-income customers, and show promise of the ability to raise more from domestic commercial sources than they lendto their customers. Niccolo Sarno,“Finance: Microcredit Loans Must Be Backed By More Than Just Cash,”IPS (InterPress Service) News, (2/6/98, Brussels).