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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

envisaged in the UN Charter keeps relations between ends and means without loosingits overall strategy, impartiality and credibility.Furthermore, member states’stance towards the UN is that it is where they canavoid direct criticism in failing conflict settlement and that it is where a promotionalapproach of national interest can possibly work. It is an interesting argumentthat conflict management by international organisations is not sustainable andpractical than that by governments concerned. 13Even disputants know that the UNpeacekeeping and peacemaking are not consistent and are vulnerable to changeablepolitical environments. Thus we see repeated crisis in Kosovo and the Middle Eastpeace talks hosted by the US, not by the UN, the latter of which yet accommodatestraditional peacekeepers.Realpolitik or continuation of the UN’s ambiguous approach?Even a fundamental question derived from the traditional UN peacekeeping canbe readdressed. UNIFIL (UN Interim Force in Lebanon) established in 1978, whichhas presented a buffer zone against direct conflicts of disputants, is a case in point.It seems that the meaning of UNIFIL is clouded for a long time by Iraq’s invasionsof Kuwait and the peace talks between the Palestinians and Israel. It is certainthat Israel’s nonobservance of the UN resolution 425, demanding the unconditionalwithdrawal of the Israeli forces from southern Lebanon, consists of part of thestalemate. With Hizbollah, the Israeli forces and the South Lebanon Army cooperatingwith Israel being active in the south, it can be questioned whether UNIFIL has tochange itself into a peace enforcement unit or the UN becomes tough on Israel tocomply with the Resolution.Rather, it will be asked that more practical diplomatic negotiations can realizeUNIFIL’s withdrawal. It is a prerequisite in any peacekeeping operations to keep at64013 Arguments on self-interest of states are seen in Robert Cooper and Mats Berdal,‘Outside Intervention in EthnicConflicts’, Survival, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Spring, 1993), pp. 118-142 and Saadia Touval,‘Why the U.N. Fails’, Foreign Affairs, Vol.73, No. 5 (September/October, 1994), pp. 44-57.