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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

and clear about what it can and cannot do, and pursue its course with confidence inorder to fulfil its potential as a pillar of the New World Order. We can now see howJapan has already been sowing the seeds of this approach.Official Development AssistanceJapan’s official overseas development assistance is the chief vehicle for Japan’s inputinto international peace and security, and perhaps the most suitable and credibleway Japan can“occupy an honored place”- to quote the constitution - in internationalsociety. Assisting long-term development programs through loans, grants andtechnical assistance in developing regions is undoubtedly helping self-sufficiency andhuman dignity, which in turn supports peace both within and between countries.This is a contribution to the international community which is not as newsworthy assending an aircraft carrier to the Gulf or storming an embassy, but has a far greaterand more positive impact upon the lives of millions of people.Of course, there have been criticisms of Japan’s ODA policies. Indeed, of Japan’sODA budget - the equivalent of $14.728 billion in 1995 18 - the proportion of grants islow compared to loans, which must be repaid; most of Japan’s ODA disbursementis bilateral rather than multilateral, and thus not subject to the administration andquality-control of international aid agencies; a proportion of Japan’s ODA is tied, eitherofficially or tacitly, to the procurement of Japanese services products and services;Japan has chiefly aided countries which it relies upon for primary commodities; andJapan has not appeared to exercise much moral leverage or conditionality through itsODA even, for example, of internationally recognized human rights. These chargesmust be addressed by Japan.It is important to understand the ethos which lies behind Japan’s ODA. 19 With the53618 Japan’s ODA, p.87.19 See, for example, Susan J. Pharr,‘Japanese Aid in the New World Order’, in Craig C. Garby and Mary BrownBullock ed., Japan: A New Kind of Superpower?; Edward J. Lincoln, Japan’s New Global Role, pp.121-58; DanielYasutomo, The New Multilateralism in Japan’s Foreign Policy, London, Macmillan, 1995.