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satoh
第7回優秀賞becameseriouswhentheyinteracted.ItistheinteractE'Onofthemultiplefailuresthatexplainstheaccident.1Thisishow CharlesPerow explainswhathecalsNormalAccidentsaccidentsinvolvingfailureofhigh-risktechnology.WhatPerowsaysisequalytrueofanykindofsystem characterizedbycomplexityandinterconnectednes.Thepointhe makes is relevantto understanding thevulnerabilityorsuchsystems.ItisalsorelevanttounderstandtheroleoracomplexpieceofinternationalmachinerysuchastheUnitedNationsinaworldsystem thatisincreaslnglyinterdependent,turbulent,andcomplex,How interconnectedisthepresentdayworldsystem?KennethBouldingexaminestheworldasatotuEsystem andarguesthatalthoughpoliticalytheworldhasbecomediverseandfragmented,itismovingclosetobecomingasingleeconomic,cultural,andcommunicationsystem2.Flowoffinancialandindustrialactivityacrossnationalboundariesistheruleratherthan theexception.Performancestandardsareincreasinglybeingsetinaglobalmarketplace.Asopportunitiestranscendnationalborders,sodoresponsibilities,problems,and concerns.Forexample,theproliferation ofnuclearandchemicalweaponsisanisueofglobalconcern.Environmentaldegradationthrough"greenhouseefect,"ozonelayerdepletion,acidprecipitation,acceleratedsoilerosion,tropicaltypedeforestation,Chernoby-landBhopal-typeaccidents,andchemicalcontaminationorwaterandsoilknowsnonationalorregionalboundaries.Societalproblemssuchasdrugabuse,anddiseasessuchasAIDSarenottheproblemsofanysinglenation,butafecthumankindasawhole,Whatthisboilsdowntoisthatourdecisionsandourchoicesare什aughtwithmoreareasorinterdependence,morelinkages,and蛋Ii