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概要

satoh

第4回優秀賞passedfrom thehandsoftheecclesiasticalauthoritiesandanew "priestlyclas"cameintobeing,whichhaspersisteddowntothepresentday.Thewriters,Publishers,journalists,editorsandpresbaronswhocontrolthenowofinformationtodaywieldenormousinfluenceoverthegeneralpublic.Theynotonlyinfわrm onissuesorsocialconcern;theyalso,toalargeextent,definewhatthoseisuesaregoingtobe.Thishascreatedalongstandingproblem which hasnotonlyremainedunsolvedbutwhichiscertain tobecomemoreacuteinthecomingyearsasthenew technologiesspreadacrostheworld,Thisisthequestionofjusthowmuchinformationthosewhocontrolsocietycanafordtohavemadepublic.MethodsofcontrolingtheflOw ofinformation varyfrom societytosociety.Atthecrudestendorthespectrum theyrelyonintimidationbythreatoruseorphysicalviolence,asseeninanumberorLatinAmericancountries.Butthe liberaldemocraciesortheindustrialised world haved帥isedequaly e打ectivethough somewhatmoresophisticated meansordoingthesamething.TheJapanesepresclubsystem worksbythecarotandthestick;the165membersoftheNihonShimbunKyokaiaregiveneasyaccestovariousministriesandgovernmentorganisationson theunderstandingthattheyrefrainfromlnqulrlngintoaspectswhichmightbepoliticalyembarasing.BritainhasretaineditsOficialSecretsAct,whichforbidsanygovernmentemployeetodiscloseanyinformationhecomesacrossinthecourseorhiswork.Americatoo,despitetheConstitutionalguaranteeoffreedomofinformation,lSincreasinglytryingtorestrictaccess,asevidencedbytheatemptsbyPresidentReaganearlythisyeartopreventWhiteHousestaffrom talking451