ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

第29回優秀賞Democratisation Council: To Meet Responsibility toPrevent Humanitarian Emergencies秋山肇The United Nations (UN) was established“to maintain international peace andsecurity”(UN Charter: Preamble). The Security Council (UNSC) and human rightsregime are important to think about the contribution of the UN to peace. The UNSCcan even sanction against states which are threats to the international peace. Duringthe Cold War, the UNSC did not work effectively because of veto of the US and theUSSR, but after the end of the Cold War, people hoped that the UNSC would work.There were some scholars who believed there will be no conflicts any more with the“end of history”such as Fukuyama (1992: xx), which would lead to peace. In termsof human rights, the UN recognises the importance of respecting human rights tomaintain peace. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) acknowledgesthat the“disregard and contempt for human rights”are causes of the two worldwars and“recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights”will create peace (Preamble). With the effective UNSC and respecting human rights,people believed peace would be realised.However, peace did not come true, and the UN did not play its part to crises.Intra-state conflicts, which are characterised by the conflicts of civilian, instead ofinterstate war emerge (Kaldor, 2012: 133). Since the UN was designed to cope withinterstate conflicts (Thakur, 2011: 18), it cannot act for intra-state conflicts easilybecause it can violate the norm of state sovereignty. Failure to act to the Arabuprising, especially to the ongoing civil war in Syria shows that the limitation of the997