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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第28回最優秀賞vulnerabilities. Likewise, existing conflicts in places like Banda Aceh or Sri Lankahave been exacerbated by the direct effects of disasters, which can change thedynamics of conflict and put additional people at risk.The last few decades have seen an increase in large-scale, rapid-onset naturaldisasters 1in many parts of the world. These have emerged most notably over thelast decade in the combined Japanese Earthquake/Tsunami/Nuclear crisis of 2011,the Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake of 2011, the Haiti Earthquake and thePakistan Floods of 2010, the China Earthquake and the Myanmar Cyclone of 2008, andthe massive Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami of 2004. The great majority ofthese disasters have occurred in the broader Asia-Pacific region, which is particularlyvulnerable to earthquakes, tsunamis and flooding. In the past decade alone, prior tothe noted crises of 2010 and 2011, Asia had already suffered three deadly large-scaledisasters, with hundreds of thousands killed or missing 2 . In specific comparison:1) Cyclone Nargis (Myanmar) ? 2-3 May 2008●Category: 4 (Saffir-Simpson scale)●People killed: 84,530 deaths and 53,836 missing●People affected: 2.4 million●Economic damage: $4 billion2) Wenchuan Earthquake (China) - 12 May 2008●Magnitude: 8.0 (Richter scale)●People killed: 69,227 deaths and 17,923 missing (by 25 September 2008)●People affected: 45.6 million●Economicdamage:$85billion1 UNISDR defines a disaster as:“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causingwidespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected communityor society to cope with its own resources.”2 The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China reportedly displaced over 15 million individuals. (IDMC, 2011, p. 4)931