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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第27回優秀賞participation of NGOs in the work of the UN were becoming increasingly visible.They increasingly took on the role of promoters of new ideas, alerted the internationalcommunity to emerging issues, and contributed expertise and talent vital to thework of the UN at both the policy and operational levels. NGOs became morepresent, active and influential at the international level, and more directly engagedin the intergovernmental policy setting process. 4NGOs are playing an increasinglymore important role in forming policies that are changing the world today. NGOsinfluence decisions made by governments and diplomats and provide a voice forcauses that would otherwise go unheard. The diversity of the world's NGOs and theirperspectives is representative of the diversity and complexity of issues in the arena ofinternational relations. 52.NGOs as Global Force of Thought and Action?The growth of NGOs can be seen in every country, especially its presencein developing and underdeveloped countries. It is also reported that global civicorganizing increased at a much faster rate after the end of the Cold War quadruplingin less than two decades and other civic actors are beginning to take a higher profile. 6According to one source, whereas up to 1854 only six INGOs had been founded, by theturn of the century this figure had reached 163, and by 1945 over a thousand INGOshad been established. By 2007 it was claimed that there were over 60,000 INGOs inthe world. 7 8 There are approximately 30,000 NGOs operating in international markets,including development agencies, single-activist groups, corporate watchdogs, laborrights advocates, and wide-ranging environmental agencies such as Greenpeace andtheWorldWildlifeFund.SalariedemployeesofAmnestyInternational,HumanRights4 ?Adams, Barbara, ECOSOC AND NGOs: A Review of the Review, in Civil Society Engaging Multilateral Institutions:AttheCrossroads8(1999),availableathttp://www.fimcivilsociety.org/en/library/FIMForum1999.pdf.5 ?Association between the United Nations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NG0s). www.un.org/esa/coordination/ngo/pdf/guidelines.pdf6?MichaelEdwardsandJohnGaventa(eds),GlobalCitizenAction,LynneRienner,July20017 ?Thomas Richard Davies, The Rise and Fall of Transnational Civil Society: The Evolution of International Non-GovernmentalOrganizationsSince1839,April2008,WorkingPaperCUTP/003www.city.ac.uk8 ?Source: Union of International Associations895