ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

Initiative (PSI) 18that grants naval forces from several states authority to interceptand board ships suspected of carrying contraband. The initiative has been criticizedfor the risks it poses to the rights of states under international law and that“illegal”19interdictions based on flawed intelligence could result in more international disputes.Whilst tools like standardized accounting rules and authorized interdictions canbe used to support nuclear arms control regimes, consideration needs to be givenas to whether or not they should be applied universally and that the risks of anyunintended consequences from using these tools have been adequately addressed.Notwithstanding their inherent value to measure and control the proliferation ofnuclear materials, the limited application and the complexity involved in applyingcommon, global standards may need to be examined more closely so that they can beutilized to support an effective nuclear disarmament regime.The Role of Domestic PoliticsDomestic politics has been a driving force for states to pursue nucleardisarmament. For example, in 1991, the South African government announced 20thatit had disarmed its entire stockpile of nuclear weapons. Also, both the START I 21 andSTART II treaties 22 were successfully concluded between the US and Soviet Union toproduce real reductions in strategic nuclear weapons. In both cases, domestic politicswas a key factor in influencing the government to make the decision to disarm. Inthe case of South Africa 23 , the decision was prompted by the constraints its nuclearweapons program had placed on its ability to execute its social reform agenda, whilst76818 Huxley, Tim, 2005, The Proliferation Security Initiative: Making Waves in Asia. New York Routledge. 25-39.19 Ibid., 39-37.20Burgess,Stephen,2006,SouthAfrica'sNuclearWeaponsPolicies.TheNonProliferationReview13:519-526.21 The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty I was signed in 1991 between the United States and Soviet Union with theaimofreducingthenumberofnucleardeliveryvehiclesandcappingthenumberofnuclearwarheads.22 The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II was signed in 1993 between the United States and Soviet Unionemphasized the reduction of air, land and sea nuclear delivery vehicles as well as the number of nuclear warheadsonbothsides.23 McNamee, Terrence, Mills, George. 2006, Denuclearizing A Regime: What South Africa's Rollback Might Tell UsAbout Iran. Defense & Security Analysis. 22:3:329-335.