ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

第26回優秀賞The Toolset for Nuclear Arms ControlAt the heart of nuclear arms control is the governance of the regime. Thisincludes the various agencies, accounting and disclosure requirements as well ascapacity building measures that facilitate a state to comply with their obligations.From the perspective of the CTBT and NPT, the toolset for nuclear arms controlregimes includes a network of monitoring sensors, regular inspections of declarednuclear facilities, accounting and reporting procedures and inventory checks of fissilemateria1 16 . These tools have the basic aim to detect or prevent non-compliance withtreaty obligations. A third party agency, namely the International Atomic EnergyAgency (IAEA) and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO),provides the independent assessment services needed to verify and validate ongoingcompliance to treaty norms.Bilateral and multilateral initiatives also contribute to the toolset of nucleararms control in other ways. For instance, common accounting and controlstandards developed between Brazil and Argentina, to account for nuclear materialinventory 17 , is an example of organic processes developed to enhance the controlof nuclear activities. These standards prescribe common accounting and reportingrequirements to be used by the IAEA as part of the safeguards agreements withBrazil and Argentina. Such common reporting requirements and standards enhancecommunication flows and, with increased transparency, serve to build confidence thatstates are meeting their treaty obligations.By way of contrast, ambiguous mandates that are not subject to external,independent verification or scrutiny can result in misunderstandings with those statesthatarenotpartytotheagreement.Oneexampleofthis,istheProliferationSecurity16 Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. (2009) CBTO FactSheet.DateAccessed:9/02/2010.URL:http://www.cbto.org.17 Agreement between Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials and theInternational Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards (13th December 1991).767