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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

Much of the positive momentum seen in the immediate post-colonial era was losthowever, as the dreams of development began to crumble. The period of economiccrisis in the 1970s and 1980s, and the regime of structural adjustment and economicausterity programs presided over by the International Monetary Fund saw dramaticcuts in government spending on public services like education, health and employmentcreation schemes. With political leaders unable to respond to the demands and needsof young people, the sense of youth as having a role to play in national projectsbegan to dissipate. In addition to this loss of positive energy and the lack of practicalopportunities, this period led in many cases to the beginning of a breakdown inthe sense of youth as a meaningful transition period to adulthood. With fewerand fewer job opportunities, accompanied by other forms of economic failure andaccelerating urbanisation, many young people were increasingly unable to find waysto support their own livelihoods. This led to what some scholars have termed a‘lostgeneration’and a growing sense of youth as a kind of‘enduring limbo’(UNDP 2006:23). The spread of HIV/AIDS, as well as the continued prevalence of diseases such astuberculosis and malaria, has only contributed to young people’s sense of malaise andthe difficulties of dealing with poverty on a day to day basis (United Nations 2007: 98-9).Despite these recent challenges, youth remain an important engine of change. Indeed,youth are always at the forefront of social and political developments. Far frombeing passive victims subject to manipulation, young people are constantly recreatingtheir societies through their participation in family, work, culture and ritual, and infinding new ways of coping with their economic situation. It is important to notehowever, that this creativity doesn’t always play out in ways that can be deemedsocially positive. Honwana and De Boeck (2005) describe youth in post-colonial Africa702