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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

health, education, and research and development 79 . Poverty is a highly complicated,multidimensional problem, and needs to be tackled from every angle. Individual Africansin poverty-stricken countries neither have the ability nor the power to do so, asmany of them are barely succeeding in staying alive. Thus, action will need to comefrom a higher level. Yet, as UNESCAP itself indicates, good governance is an idealwhich is difficult to achieve in its totality. Hence, it states, all we can do to ensure sustainablehuman development, is to take actions aimed at the realization of this ideal 80 .I argue that the crucial action in this respect is enhancing first, the authority and second,the legitimacy of African states.§4.2 Enhancing Authority and Legitimacy of African StatesAuthorityAs history has shown, the first step on the road toward a durable, effective state issecuring a monopoly of violence on a certain territory. Without a stable and secureinternal environment, chaos and anarchy prevail. The world has witnessed thisrecently in Somalia, whose transitional government was, and continues to be, unableto control neither the streets in the capital nor much of the rest of the country, whereclan chaos continues to disrupt daily life 81 . In such circumstances, it is physicallyimpossible to implement any strategies directed at economic growth and povertyalleviation.Thus, any effort by the United Nations to empower the state in order to combatpoverty needs to be targeted first at creating a secure internal environment. In‘failedstates’, such as Somalia, Sudan and Zimbabwe, the deployment of a peace-keepingforce will most likely be necessary to establish security. As the Mission Statement of65679Sachsetal.“EndingAfrica’sPovertyTrap”.ColumbiaUniversityandUNMillenniumProject,2004.80 UNESCAP.“What is Good Governance?”. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,n.d.81 Foreign Policy.“The Failed States Index 2008”. Foreign Policy, 2008.