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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第25回最優秀賞“Combating poverty by re-empowering the state: therole of the UN on strengthening state authority andlegitimacy in African countries”1. IntroductionDespite unprecedented economic and technological advances over the past decades,1.2 billion people still have to make a living on less than one dollar a day. Of these“bottom billion”, as Collier calls them 1 , 320 million reside in Africa 2 . Africa is notonly the poorest and most deprived continent in the world, it is also the one withextremely poor prospects for the future 3 . Though it has received billions of dollars inforeign aid over the last fifty years, poverty in Africa is still on the rise 4 . Yet as Mulenotes 5 , poverty is not just a statistic. It is about human dignity, development, anddespair. Each day, people are dying of malnourishment. Each day, opportunities aremissed. Each day, hope is fading away.The consequences of Africa’s dire situation, however, not only affect local livesand communities, but produce repercussions extending far beyond the continent’sborders. Thousands of illegal African immigrants daily flock to other parts of theworld, mounting enormous pressure on foreign economies and societies. Furthermore,local deforestation, soil exhaustion and rapid natural resource depletion negativelycontribute to the process of global climate change, thereby producing far-reachingconsequences that will affect the entire world.Fraukje IdzengaCombatingpovertythusconstitutesatremendouslyurgent,yetdauntingchallenge.1 Collier, P. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2007,p.3.2 Adejumobi, S.“Governance and Poverty Reduction in Africa: A Critique of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers[PRSPs]”(paper presented at the Inter-Regional Conference on Social Policy and Welfare Regimes in ComparativePerspectives,Austin,USA,April20-22,2006,p.7).3Mbaku,J.M.“InstitutionsandPovertyAlleviationinAfrica”.JournalofAfricanandAsianStudies6,2007,p.108.4 UNECA.“Economic Report on Africa 2005: Meeting the Challenges of Unemployment and Poverty in Africa”. UnitedNations2007,p.93.5 Mule, H.M.“Institutions and their Impact in Addressing Rural Poverty in Africa”. International Fund forAgricultural Development [IFAD] 2001, p.1.641