ブックタイトル佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

ページ
520/1096

このページは 佐藤栄作 受賞論文集 の電子ブックに掲載されている520ページの概要です。
秒後に電子ブックの対象ページへ移動します。
「ブックを開く」ボタンをクリックすると今すぐブックを開きます。

概要

佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

economic development causes population to go through three phases: first phase beinghigh fertility and mortality rate, second high fertility rate and low mortality rate, andthen finally to low fertility and mortality rate, leading to population decrease. TodayFrance has the highest fertility rate among the first world nations marking 2.01 in2006, and nations facing this issue today include England with 1.79, Sweden with 1.77,Germany with 1.36, Italy with 1.33, and Japan with 1.26 (the data are those of 2005).The issue is also prevalent in Asia, with the birth rate of 1.17 in Korea (2002), 1.25in Singapore, 1.24 in Taiwan and 0.94 in Hong Kong (2003). Although for many ofthe European countries population transition had been completed before the worldwar II, sharp decline in the birth rate rose as a problem in the late 20 th century. InJapan, population decline first drew the attention of general public when back in1990 the birthrate marked the lowest with 1.57, which during the so-called“babyboom”after WWII in late 1940’s had marked as high as 4.32 (Akagawa, 2005:118).Birth rate of a community is generally determined by the number of population ofthe parental generation and the number of children given birth. Failing birth ratein modern society today is mainly caused by the parents’voluntary family planning(Okazaki 1977:45). Again, not unlike population growth, innumerable factors associatedwith community systems and values contribute to this transition. Firstly, changes inmarriage is one of the key factors in this issue. In Japan, tendency to marry later hasbeen noted since mid 1970’s, with the average age of first marriage becoming 29.6for men and 27.8 for women in 2004, which in 1964 were 27.2 and 24.5 respectively.In relation to marriage issue, less number of marriages, changes in marriage stylessuch as cohabitation have also encouraged the preference of less number of children.Secondly, economic development and financial stability in first world nations has giventhe ability to choose a small number of children to prospective parents. In contrast to518