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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

government is sometimes reluctant to accept PKO or directly opposed to its presencein its territory, using state sovereignty as an excuse. The country where the presenceof the PKO is necessary often refuses to accept it. It is a big dilemma PKO has beenfacing.As I have related, if the UN is provided with“neutrality”and“credibility”or“authority”, it becomes easier for this organization to solve even internal conflicts.The UN can use military forces as“an ace in the hole”, and this strategy will helptalks and negotiation to work more effectively. The UN should, of course, refrain fromunnecessary intervention. When asked or when it finds its presence or mediation isnecessary, the UN should take action; abuse of human rights is one of the issues thatenable UN intervention possible these days. In that case, it should cooperate with localgovernment and local leaders. When the conflict stems from religious or ethical issue,cooperation with the leaders is effective. Intervention ignoring local cultural, ethical orreligious perspectives is dangerous since this kind of intervention would, more oftenthan not, turn out to be a failure because the very people we would like to save mightcome to hate the UN presence instead of welcoming it.For this reason, the norm of nonintervention remains important and we shouldrespect state sovereignty to a reasonable degree since some problems are betterleft to the parties in dispute. Therefore, we should be careful to take the balance ofstate sovereignty and the necessity of intervention, for example, in order to protectuniversal human rights. Considering the current that human rights are becoming auniversal right, however, this qualification of“consent”which poses a big obstacle toUN activities should be reconsidered. In my opinion, when some conflicts or internalwars happen, and, after thorough investigation, the UN finds out that genocide or actsof genocide exist, or UN presence is more likely to help solve the situation, the UN48