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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第17回優秀賞if regional collective security is applied as is permitted by the UN charter, the UNshould be fully informed.)For this purpose, there are two important elements that the UN should be providedwith: neutrality and credibility (authority). If the UN is provided with“neutrality”and“credibility”or“authority”, it becomes easier for this organization to solve eveninternal conflicts. The methods used to settle disputes among states should be appliedto internal conflicts. When we talk about UN involvement in conflicts, many of us mayfirst think of PKO (Peace Keeping Operation) or UN forces. This is wrong. The firststrategy to solve conflicts should be through patient talk. Every state and every groupshould adopt this strategy of pacific settlement first. The UN, as“the political voice ofmankind itself”, should play an important role here. 2When conflicts break out between states, parties in dispute should talk fist amongthemselves and try to solve the conflict peacefully. When they cannot solve it bythemselves, there are several methods to take: diplomatic methods (negotiation, goodoffices and mediation, inquiry and conciliation), arbitration, judicial settlement. 3Theycannot always solve the conflict through negotiation, since parties cannot acceptcompromise. Even when parties in dispute cannot make concessions to each other,however, they sometimes could do so to the“neutral”third party, especially whenthe third party happens to be the UN“the political voice of mankind itself”. 4TheUN could be involved in good offices, mediation, inquiry, conciliation and arbitration,(as for the judicial settlement, International Court of Justice should be involved). Toserve this purpose, the UN should remain neutral at all times. As soon as one of theparties doubts that the UN is partial, this organization will lose credibility. When I usethe word“neutrality”, it means that the UN does not reflect the national interest oflimitedcountries.2 Hans J. Morgenthau, Revised by Kenneth W. Thompson. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle of Power and Peace.Brief ed., (Massachusetts, McGraw-Hill, 1993), 329.3M.N.Shaw,InternationalLaw4thed.,(GrotiusPublications,Ltd.,Cambridge,England,1997),720.4 Hans J. Morgenthau, Revised by Kenneth W. Thompson. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle of Power and Peace.Brief ed., (Massachusetts, McGraw-Hill, 1993), 329.43