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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第20回優秀賞in 1789. Along with these words, the concepts of nationalism and nationality -particularly, the Principle of Nationalities (one nation, one state) brought about strongpolitical changes through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.‘Nation-state’in its classical definition is a political unit formed by three elements:people (human component), territory (physical, geographical component), andsovereignty (power component). The human component is the most subjective andcontroversial element. Often some aspects of an individual person, such as ethnicity,culture, language, history, customs, religious creed, serve as criteria to define whichnation he belongs to. The people of a nation is, therefore, the sum of individual personsthat have one or some of those aspects in common, which allow them to be identifiedas nationals or bearers of nationality by administrative means.The territory marks out the geographic borders of a nation-state. Breakdown ofempires, revolutions, wars, and independence movements are events that reshapeterritories.Sovereignty, the power component, reflects the absolute power a state holdsto organize itself politically, economically and socially. More than independence,sovereignty implies that the state is not ruled by or subordinated to any superiorpolitical authority. The French Constitution of 1791 clarifies the concept as follows:“La Souverainete est une, indivisible, inalienable et imprescritible. Elle appartienta la Nation; aucune section du peuple, ni aucun individu, ire peut s’en attribuerexercice.”(Constitution du 3 Septembre 1791, Titre III, article 1)[The Sovereignty is sole, indivisible, inalienable and under no limitation. It belongsto the Nation. No part of the people, no individual can assign to one self its exertion.]295