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佐藤栄作 受賞論文集

第18回佳作develop the infrastructure, network of roads, railways, communication, energy systemetc., and second, to introduce an adequate technology. As the two are or should berealized at the same time, this development policy is probably more difficult due to itscomplexity than that aimed at the basic needs.In“starter countries”, technology deserves special mention. This is because thesecountries, in fact, need not the latest technology, but that one which suits the besttheir development needs, e.g. a labor intensive technology where masses of free laborshould be absorbed. Sophisticated technology should also be avoided because low levelof technical proficiency would result in defective products and would cause frustrationin the recipient country.The UNU should focus more on viable scenarios of technology transfer to thesecountries. The UNU being positioned in Tokyo, has a unique opportunity to explorethe Japanese way of postwar modernization, how new technologies were introducedand adjusted to the local conditions in Japan and how a country poor in naturalresources could achieve an unprecedented technological and economic progress sothat it is now ranking among the most advanced countries of the world.Also, Japanese foreign direct investments(FDI)have a spill-over effect in therecipient countries, mainly because Japanese companies expanding to another country,are taking with themselves their cooperation-network(subcontracting-system or“shitauke”). Thus, a strong job-creating(in cooperating local companies many newjobs open)and technology spill-over effect is at work which is quite different fromthe usual Western style, when the Western company just settles down in the othercountry and operates a simple assembly factory using imported parts.6It is, of course, the companies themselves which are the carriers of technologyandwhichwillbringdevelopmentintothe“startercountries”,butitdoesinno6A good example is the Suzuki car company with Maruti in India, or Hungary. In India Suzuki established the wholeproduction culture and could bring up technological level and quality level almost to the Japanese one, includingthat the engine is also made in India. In Hungary, Suzuki’s main assembly factory employs 1100 people, but itcreated altogether 15000 new jobs in the subcontracting local companies. Suzuki is satisfied with local quality andhas decided to double production capacities so that to supply whole Europe from its Hungarian factory.171