ブックタイトル佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

概要

佐藤栄作　受賞論文集

第29回優秀賞responsibility to prevent. Responsibility to prevent was coined by the InternationalCommission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) under the norm ofresponsibility to protect (R2P), and the UN recognises it in the General Assembly(UNGA) in 2005 (UNGA, 2005: para. 138-139). The ICISS (2001) states that preventionis the most important option among three responsibilities in R2P; responsibilityto prevent, react and rebuild. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon also recognises theimportance of prevention several times (UNSG, 2009; 2010). World Summit OutcomeDocument in 2005 states that R2P is only applied to genocide, war crimes, ethniccleansing and crimes against humanities (UNGA, 2005), but authoritarian regimescan become a cause of these. Libyan and Syrian cases are clearly crimes againsthumanities. Therefore, R2P should be applied to authoritarian states. To preventconflicts in authoritarian states, democratisation is needed. Eighteen out of twenty-twostates in the Arab League experienced uprising after the uprising of Tunisia (Allansson,Baumann, Taub, Themner and Wallensteen, 2012). Lynch (2012: 10) earns that theArab uprising is just a beginning of change and many more protests will come.Also, there are demands for democratisation from other regions. As Allansson etal. (2012) suggest, autocrat regimes are in danger of collapse all over the world. In fact,Chinese government is nervous about the Arab uprising and trying not to happen inChina. Xi Jinping, a current President of China states that“[a] mass of facts tells usthat if corruption becomes increasingly serious, it will inevitably doom the party andthe state”(as cited in Wong, 2012). The Arab uprising is a significant challenge toauthoritarian regimes and these challenges can be a serious threat to peace.Human Rights CouncilThe HRC is a main organisation to work for human rights protection anddemocratisation in the UN but, it does not effectively work for peace. The HRC1001