ブックタイトル佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

概要

佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

第16回優秀賞innovations the UN has made so far to cope with these problems. Such an observationwould allow us to identify what the main problematic areas are, i.e. discrepanciesbetween problems and actions. From here, we can proceed to set the new agenda foreffective actions.The first well-known set of facts about internal violence is its startling increase.A report by the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict asserts thatwars within states vastly outnumber wars between states. This is in line with thefindings of the University of Ulster-based INCORE, which estimates there are over 80major internal conflicts worldwide since 1990. The INCORE report also reveals thehorrifying consequences these conflicts inflicted, i.e. the deaths 30 million people, mostof them civilians, and the outflow of over 45 million refugees or displaced persons.It is also known that the monetary cost these conflicts caused to the internationalcommunity was exorbitant. The UN Secretary-General, in his report to the GeneralAssembly in Fall 1999, quoted $199 billion for seven major wars in 1990s, not includingKosovo, and excluding the costs that must be borne by the countries affected by theviolence.Some of the conditions leading to in internal violence too are now identifiable. Whilethe specific motivations for a particular internal war might vary from place to place,there is a concurrence of views that a number factors help create conditions prone towarfare. Among other factors, the report of the Carnegie Commission identifies thefollowing:・political and economic legacies of colonialism, or the Cold War・problematic governmental institutions（i.e.“collapsed”states）・social cleavages derived from poorly managed religious, cultural, or ethnicdifferences817