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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

WINNERS & LOSERSAny significant social change creates winners and losers in the real world.Globalization is no exception. A list of winners in the globalization process wouldinclude countries capable of increasing exports quickly or of attracting increasedforeign investment; transnational corporations (TNCs); export-oriented largecommercial farms (so-called agri-business); professional elites in both developed anddeveloping societies, and so on. Losers’list would contain such groups as countriesincapable of taking advantages of opportunities (granted by globalization) for exportand investment expansion; small merchants (so-called“Main Street”merchants, asopposed to vast corporate shopping malls in suburbia); unskilled and semi-skilledworkers in any society, many white collar workers, small-scale fishermen, peasants,etc.Naturally, globalization’s winners and their allies exalt the virtues of globalizationand emphasize its irreversibility. As W. Lewis and M. Harris believed,“globalization-- the spread of economic innovations around the world and the political and culturaladjustments that accompany this diffusion -- cannot be stopped…the politicalorganizations and ideologies that yield superior economic performance survive,flourish, and replace those that are less productive.”4On the other hand, opponents and critics of globalization have emphasized thedestructive consequence of globalization. Thus, F. F. Piven and R. Cloward wrote thatthe“slogan of globalization…is a cover under which a politically mobilized businessclass has driven down wages and benefits, weakened unions and civil rights groups,and undermined government help for the poor.”5In the face of such globalization, those who feel threatened by it, economically andculturally, would seek to resist the process by a variety of means, including economic6764Quoted in Rosenau,“The Complexities...”, p. 363.5Quoted in John Langmore,“Managing the Global Economy,”The Christian Century, (October 7, 1998), p. 899.