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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

“The United Nations in a Globalizing Era”Ryuji MukaeINTRODUCTIONThis essay seeks to explore the appropriate roles of the United Nations in an eraof increasing globalization. Given the enormity of the theme as well as the limitednumber of pages, it will not be so much a detailed analysis as a hurried sketch onthe topic. It is imperative for the defenders of the United Nations that they sit backand ponder this theme, i.e., in what ways will the UN be able to retain its significanceand relevance in the next century, which is most likely to be characterized by a everexpanding and deepening process of globalization. For the critics and opponents ofthe United Nations, namely, those who believe the UN to be increasingly irrelevantand powerless in solving global problems, such an intellectual exercise will serveas a powerful reminder that humankind will need the UN all the more because ofdeepening globalization.DEFINING GLOBALIZATIONIn achieving our goal, we first need to have a working definition of globalization.Nevertheless, it is exceedingly difficult to do so because the concept is a complex onewith a multiplicity of dimensions: in real life, it means many things for many people.It may mean a steelworker in the U.S. being laid off because his job was shippedabroad; it may mean a Wall Street hedge fund manager and her clients raking instratospheric profits at times and suffering astronomic losses at others; it may mean674