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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

第15回最優秀賞UN Charter without a long-term goal.It is more likely that the proclamation of self-determination invokes an oppositeeffect of violation of human rights when‘ethnic self-determination’is claimed.Especially in states engaged in conflict, economic and social devastation fuels humanright issues. Refugees and spill-over effect of conflict scare neighbouring countries.Therefore, once any conflict breaks out, the UN starts analysing how much thesituation poses a threat to international peace and security.In reality, refugees from economically devastated countries are not taken as scareso much as conflict refugees. Russia is a case in point in the sense that economicrecovery is almost a matter of domestic policy under the literal meaning of Article2 (7) despite the support from the UN organs such as the IMF. Russia’s economicmalfunction can be a threat to international peace and security in terms of unsecurednuclear management and terrorism.The possibility for the UN to take a new approachAs globalisation goes on, the General Assembly and the Security Council havetaken a swifter step to find a threat to international peace and security to adoptenforcement measures under Chapter VII. 8Except for Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait,Article 2 (7) of Chapter I envisages‘but this principle shall not prejudice theapplication of enforcement measures under Chapter VII’.Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the former Secretary-General of the UN, suggested in his AnAgenda for Peace that the UN had to be more flexible. For globalisation, he added;17.Respect for its fundamental sovereignty and integrity are crucial toany common international progress. The time of absolute and exclusivesovereignty, however, has passed; its theory was never matched by reality. Itis the task of leaders of States today to understand this and to find a balance8‘The jurisdictional phraseology of Chapter VI seems to have become subverted to the general need for the SecurityCouncil to react rapidly to situations without the need to consider the legal niceties.’N. D. White, Keeping the peace(Manchester University Press, 1993), pp. 42-43.637