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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

of other interests. Thus, the interests of business and the belief in non-interference inthe affairs of other states are more strongly evident.These principles are not strictly applied to Japan’s largest recipients 21giving theCharter a rather hollow ring. The planned cut in ODA for fiscal year 1988, in thecontext of domestic pressures for administrative reform and rivalry for resources, alsocasts some doubt upon the credibility of ODA as Japan’s primary contribution to theinternational community. This is more the case because the deepest cuts are expectedto be to the voluntary contribution to multilateral agencies. 22Japan has a great potential to exert leverage and apply resources in a leadershipcapacity, and make a valuable contribution to the development debate. However, toimprove the credibility of this agenda and make it worthy of permanent SecurityCouncil membership some adjustments are necessary and some criticisms mustbe answered. Japan should strengthen its contribution of ODA to multilateralorganizations - even if the overall ODA budget is cut in 1988 - and genuinely untiemore of its bilateral assistance in order to allow free bidding for procurementcontracts. This would secure the best deal for the recipient countries and countercriticisms that ODA is an extension of Japanese protectionism. There havebeen criticisms that the Japanese political structure is not sufficiently open tonongovernmental organizations. 23 Channeling more ODA through NGOs would thus bein recognition of the critical role transnational civil society is playing in implementingand formulating development policy. Whilst long-term development assistance isfundamental, Japan might also focus more attention on emergency alleviation.Moreover, Japan should use its ODA to promote a model of development whichbenefits from Japan’s own experience. Thus, whilst the‘common agenda’of the US53821 Kiroku Hanai,‘ODA does not aid Japan, Japan Times, 3 September 1997;‘Kanbojia de nasubekikoto wa’[What canbe done in Cambodia?], Asahi Shimbun, 7 July 1997; editorial in The Straits Times, 10 November 1997; Edward J.Lincoln, Japan’s New Global Role, claims that the human rights and democracy principles are merely a token, p.119.22‘Kokuren Jushi to iinagara’[Japan’s focus on the UN in question], Asahi Shimbun, 5 November1997; AtsushiKasano,‘ODA, PKO Kokunaiteki Hassokara Dakkyaku Seyo’[Move Beyond the Domestic Oriented Basis of ODAand PKO], Ch?o Koron, August 1997;‘ODA cutbacks cause global repercussions’, Japan Times, 2 October 1997.23 For example Toshihiro Menju and Takako Aoki,‘The Evolution of Japanese NGOs in the Asia-Pacific Context’,in Tadashi Yamamoto ed., Emerging Civil Society in the Asia Pacific Community, Tokyo, published jointly by theInstitute of Southeast Asian Studies and the Japan Center for International Exchange, 1995.