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佐藤栄作論文集9~16

第11回努力賞remain fiscally responsible.PEACEKEEPING AND MILITARY OPERATIONSOn the pages of nearly every newspaper in print today are articles that focusattention on the tragedy of former Yugoslavia ? the Bosnian ethnic genocide, theinability of protecting a set of ravaged people through the United Nations ProtectionForce(UNPROFOR). Indeed, the perils of peacekeeping can be quite high. It hasbeen recently asked,“After Bosnia’s obituary notices, will those of internationalpeacekeeping be far behind?”24What happened between the time when a gloriousand victorious collaboration was forged to liberate Kuwait from the hands of the IraqiRepublican Guard troops and the Bosnian PKO? What went astray with the UnitedNations Operation in Somalia(UNOSOM)?One reason is that PKOs have accelerated tremendously in the past few years. Thisseems to be, in part, a fall out of the demise of the USSR. In the first forty years ofUN operations, the UN had been engaged in only thirteen PKOs. Today, Bosnia is oneof seventeen such simultaneous operations. Last year’s expenditures on this exercisealone eclipsed the sum total of all such operations over the past forty-eight years. 25Another reason for the difficulties is poor analysis of the required effort beforetransporting troops into the hot spot. So-called first generation PKOs(before 1990)were much more contained and defined. In contrast, PKOs today can take on variousroles. UNPROFOR was set up to provide protection, not enforcement. The presentforce is insufficient to enforce peace in any lasting manner. In fact, UN officials admitthey are reluctant to order air strikes because the Serbs can punish all attacks byholding UNPROFOR to ransom over its supply convoys. 26 It seems that proper prioranalysis has not been performed and has led to the needless deaths of blue helmeted24 Jessica Mathews,“The perils of U.N. peacekeeping”, The Daily Yomiuri, December 8, 1994, p. 6.25 Ibid.26“UN peacekeeping mission in Bosnia at dead end”, Mainichi Daily News, October 15, 1994, p. 3301