ブックタイトル佐藤栄作論文集9~16

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概要

佐藤栄作論文集9~16

realised without a normative framework based on the international morality for twoprominent reasons.First, defining a normative framework will lead to the creation of a code of conductamong different nation-states, according to which they are required to behave andinteract. Second, once such a framework is established, human rights violations,humanitarian disasters or any other infringements will be brought into light andbe adjudicated. In short, the international morality is to replace the present state ofconfusion within the international community with a clear guideline for conduct; in thecase of violations against the code, certain legal recourse would be sought to upholdthe international morality. 16In order to realise the establishment of a reliable normative framework, mutualcollaboration and support at the international, regional, national and individual levels isessential.1.International LevelAt the international level, first of all, more frequent use of the International Courtof Justice(ICJ)is required. This is not for the purpose of settlements of specificdisputes(U.N. Charter Article 36(2))but for receiving advisory opinions on legalmatters(Article 96). Member states have been extremely reluctant to submitinternational disputes to the competence of the ICJ as prescribed in the Charterfor various reasons including, inter alia, the requirement for consents from allthe parties involved for adjudication, the biding nature of court decisions and thelengthy process. If peaceful settlements through the ICJ is not realistic at this stage,the ICJ can still contribute greatly to formation of international norms throughprovision of advisory opinions. It is widely agreed that its advisory opinions qualify asevidence of international law insofar as opinions are made on the unanimous or near-14016 It should be emphasized here that bolstering the international morality does not equate with enforcement ofinternational laws. Proposed here is to establish a moralistic, normative framework vis-a-vis the hitherto dominantpolitical realism so as to promote peace and security without resorting to military means and intervention. For auseful insight in the issue of international law and behaviour of individual nation-states, especially, on the issue ofcompliance, see Louis Henkin, How Nations Behave,(New York: Columbia University Press, 1979).