ブックタイトル佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

概要

佐藤栄作論文集９～１６

第10回優秀賞conflict resolution, while the former seemed to be only marginally related. The newpolitical environment that has emerged in the past five years, by contrast, has exposedthe interrelation between socio-economic issues and existence of armed conflicts. 2For instance, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Developmentclearly recognised the importance of interdependency and indivisibility among“peace,development and environmental protection.”3The international community hasalready begun to recognise the relationship between socio-economic factors and peacebuildingalthough its effect still remains to be seen.By contrast, the international community has been slow to react to the newlyemerging issues from the politico-military dimension. During the Cold War time, theinternational community had been sitting quietly, albeit nervously, on the notion of“peace”preserved by nuclear balance of fear. The global community was largelycategorised into two spheres of influence ? U.S.S.R. and U.S. ? and any tensionbetween nation ? states or between a government and insurgents was controlled insuch a way that the conflict would remain low in intensity and would not spread.This passive preventive mechanism was assured by the fear of nuclear holocaust andmutual destruction.However, the end of the bipolar balance of fear has created a vacuum in theperiphery of former spheres claimed by the superpowers. 4The crux of therivalry having been expansion and preservation of their spheres of influence, thesuperpowers ? now tainted by internal economic difficulties ? begin to lose theirinterest in maintaining influence over areas thousands of miles away from home. In2 For socio-economic aspects of peace and security, see Boutros Boutros-Ghali,“Setting a New Agenda for the UnitedNations,”Interviewed by Carolyn Reynolds, Sudarsan Raghavan, W. Judson Dorman and Melisa Swain, Journal ofInternational Affairs 46（Winter 1993）: 290-291.3 A/CONF. 151/26（Vol. I）, pp. 8-13. Another example of the new direction in defining peace can be found in theSecurity Council Resolution 688, which condems the repression of the Iraqi civilian population, in particular, theKurdish minority and declared its consequences including“massive flow of refugees”as a threat to internationalpeace and security（S/RES/688 1991, April 5 1991）. Significance of this particular resolution is that human rightsviolations if minority population and resultant outflow of refugees were, for the first time, determined to be a peacethreateningsituation by the Security Council. Such matters had been considered internal issues during the Cold War.4 In the case of the Soviet Union, the areas previously considered vital parts of the Soviet national interests havealready succumbed to disintegration and chaos. This unprecedented centrifugal momentum can be explained in partby repressive means of governance employed by Moscow in gluing numerous distinctive ethnic and national groups.125