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第7回優秀賞setlementorinternationaldisputes.Thus,ifthepartiestothedisputeoptfordirectbilateralexchange,itshouldnotbeinterpretedasanafronttothecredibilityoftheUmitedNations.Indeed,whereproblemscan besolvedpeacefulyandbythepartiesthemselves,theappropriaterolefortheUnitedNationsistokeepalow profileandprovidethenecesarycoordinationmechanismstohelpcreateanatmosphereconducivetonegotiations.KeepingUptheCrucialFaceSayingRoleManycriticsofUN seem toignorethisimportantaspectofinternationaldiplomacy.Whatisworse,somepresentthisasevidenceoftheirelevanceoftheUN inresolvinginternationaldisputes.RaymondCaroll,forexample,arguesthatintheCubanmisilecrisisof1962,"thecrisiswassolvedbyKennedyandKhrushchev,notbytheUnitedNations.True,UThantandhisstafwereactivebehindthescenes,smoothingoutdetailsoncethemajordecisionsweremadebythesuperpowers,butthefactwasthatwhiletheworldfaced catastrophe,theUnitedNationswaslargely bypased.n13ArgumentsagainsttheUnitedNationsforitsnon-activistroleinthesetlementofinternationaldisputesdonotholdwAterfortwoimportantreasons.First,intheabsenceofawel-definedworldlaw,theUN'sabilitytoimposesolutionsislimited.Secondandequalyimportant,suchaview seriouslydownplaysthesubtleandface-savingaspectsofinternationaldiplomacy,EventheworstcriticsofUNmustacknowledgeitsface-savingrole.AsSirAnthonyParsonshaspointedout,theUN has,morethanonce,fulfiledthe"crucialfunctionofactingasaladderthatthegreatpowerscanclimbdownwhentheirpolicieshavebroughtthem intodangerouslyexposedpositions.H14819